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Die erscht Hälfti vu dr zweite Sanggaller Herrschaft isch prägt vu franzeesische Agriffe uf dr Brisgi. Wenn d'Franzose im Land gsi sin, hän si Ebrige regelmässig plünderet. Trotzdem isch die zweit Sanggaller Herrschaft a Zit vu dr Iwanderig vu neie Familie un vume Bevölchrigswachtum gsi. D'Iwohnerschaft het sich vu guet 500 noch em Drissgjährige Chrieg uf gnau 1000 anno 1792 verdopplet.

Anno 1621 het d'Firschtabtei Sanggalle die udeilt Herrschaft iber Ebrige vum Hug Dietrich vom Hohenlansberg zruggchauft. Norschigge, guet 5 km äwegg vu Ebrige im Südweschte, isch scho sitter 1607 wiider vu Sanggalle regiert worre. Ebrige isch wiider dr Middelpunkt vu dr Sanggaller Verwaltig im Brisgi gsi. D'Abtei het die direkt Herrschaft iber Ebrige un Norschige gha, dezue andri Güeter un Rächt im ibrige Brisgi. Näbe Sanggalle, Wil, Rorschach un St. Johann isch Ebrige dr Sitz vu eme Statthalder vu dr Firschtabtei gsi.

In 1629 Ebringen was hit by the later so called Italian plague.

In 1630 Sweden intervened in the Thirty Years' War and soon after, the fighting also reached the Breisgau. Towards the end of 1632 Swedish troops occupied Freiburg. In 1633 Friedrich Ludwig Kanoffsky (1592-1645) from Bohemia became commander of the Swedish garrison.

On June 16, 1633 Swedish mercenaries massacred 300 people of Ebringen's southern neighbouring villages Pfaffenweiler, Oehlinsweiler, Kirchhofen and Ehrenstetten at Kirchhofen's manor house. In October 1633 Spanish troops ousted the Swedish occupants and returned Freiburg to Austria.

In 1637 the St Gall administration left Ebringen due to the very unsecure situation in the war. Also most of Ebringen's people left the village and fled to the Sundgau, to Switzerland and to villages in the Black Forest. Most of the buildings in Talhausen - 30 houses were reported for the time before 1630 - and the last dwellings of Berghausen have been destroyed in the Swedish War. The Schoenberger Hof, a farmyard, with its fields was abandoned. In the following decades, there grew a forest.[1]

In 1638 Freiburg was occupied by a coalition of France and Saxe-Weimar. Freiburg got a system of fortifications which included parts of Ebringen's territory on the Schoenberg. Friedrich Kanoffsky, who served now for Weimar, became again commander of the garrison. Bernard of Saxe-Weimar established a Saxe-Weimar Duchy in the Breisgau, making Breisach its capital. After Bernard of Saxe-Weimar died in 1639, France took control over the territory of its former alley. Commander Kanoffsky didn't accept the French claim for sovereignty over Freiburg in the first time.

In 1640 Commander Kanoffsky took control over Ebringen, claiming it as personal property, ignoring all appeals of St Gall to return Ebringen to the abbey. Appeals of the Swiss Confederation to the French court to reinstate St Gall rule remained fruitless until 1646.

In 1642 Kanoffsky eventually had to accept French sovereignty over Freiburg.

In summer 1644 Bavarian troops regained Freiburg for the Holy Roman Empire. Kanoffsky and his garrison got free withdrawal to Breisach. France tried to recapture the city soon after. While French troops set up camp on the Batzenberg, 3 km (2 mi) south west of Ebringen, waiting for additional troops, Bavarian troops fortified the Bohl, the western foothill of the Schoenberg, just about 0,5 km (0,3 mi) above Ebringen.

On August 3, 1644 French troops captured Bohl hill in an uphill battle, despite high casualities (about 1000 losses at the French side, 200 at the Bavarian side). Heavy rain interrupted the French attack on Freiburg, so the Bavarian defenders had time enough to reallocate their troops at the Schlierberg (now Lorettoberg) on the other side of the Schoenberg, where the Battle of Freiburg has been continued on August 5 and 9. The French troops didn't match to recapture Freiburg. The bones of the dead soldiers remained unburied for nearly 30 years on the Bohl battlefield. Today a cross, the Schlachtenkreuz, reminds the battle.

In 1646, two years after the Bohl battle and one year after Kanoffsky's death, the St Gall administration returned to Ebringen. In the following years many of the refugees returned also to Ebringen.[2]

In 1648, shortly before the war ended, Ebringen was sacked by the French garrison of Breisach. The manor house wasn't sacked, as it was protected by a salva guardia for 264 guilders, which was respected. The people fled to Todtnau in the Black Forest and so they were not harmed. The damage was moderate.[3]

As a consequence of the Thirty Years' War and its high losses of civilians, warfare in Central Europe became in the following century much more regulated. In the era of the cabinet wars between 1648 and 1789 the opponents tried to spare the civilian population. Plundering was often a kind of confiscation, as the people got the opportunity to redeem their property from the looters. Excesses against civilians and destructions of buildings became rare or at least less brutal. Nevertheless, Ebringen has been sacked quite often in the century after the Thirty Years' War, mostly by French mercenaries.

In 1649 Prince Abbot Pius of St Gall visited Ebringen.

During the Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678) in 1674 the Princely Abbey St Gall allied with France against Austria. Several thousand St Gall citizens became mercenaries in the French army. As a consequence, Emperor Leopold ordered Ebringen - which was surrounded by the emperor's Austrian territories - to be treated like a territory of an enemy. After the St Gall governor ignored the summons to Freiburg by the Austrian administration, Ebringen was sacked by Austrian troops from 16 to 18 October 1676. The soldiers confiscated wine, cereals, fruits and livestock. They damaged the houses, the mill, the manor house and the church. The estimated damage amounted about 20,000 guilders. Moreover, women were raped, one of them died[4][5] In consequence, the abbey gave up its alliance with France, called its mercenaries in the French army home and allied with Austria - unlike the rest of the Swiss Confederation, which stayed allied with France. So the abbey was politically isolated in the Swiss Confederation[6]

The new alliance didn't improve the situation of St Gall's Breisgau possessions, as France occupied Freiburg in 1677 and the region was from then de facto French controlled. Most of Ebringen's people left the village between November 1677 and summer 1678 and returned in 1679 after the Treaties of Nijmegen. The church records listed for 1678/79 only nine baptisms, no marriage and no dead. In 1678 the forest at the Herrenbuck, south of the Schönberg summit, has been cut down for the French fortification of Freiburg by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban. Allegedly 20000 oak logs were taken. The vintage of 1678 was robbed by French mercenaries. In 1679 the vineyards laid fallow.[7]

In 1689 the new forest around the Schoenberger Hof has been cut down, the yard rebuilt, the area was again farmland.

In 1697 France had to restitute Freiburg to Austria in the Treaty of Ryswick.

In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14) France attacked the Austrian Breisgau. Ebringen's old manor house was sacked at April 8, 1703 by French mercenaries despite a salva guardia. The plunderers killed two men from Ebringen, who tried to resist them. So the people fled into the Schoenberg forest. From 1705 to 1709 the war was fought in other areas all over Europe, but then the fighting returned to the Breisgau.[8]

In 1710 the Schoenberger Hof was sold for 1,500 guilders and an annual interest payment to Matthias Zimmermann from Horben as hereditary fief.[9]

Since Ebringen was sacked often since its return to St Gall, it was obviously a loss-making business for the abbey. So Prince Abbot and former Ebringen Governor Leodegar Bürgisser, who reigned the abbey 1696 - 1717, considered a sale,[10] but changed his mind and instead decided to strengthen St Gall's presence in the Breisgau.

So despite the war around, between 1711 and 1713 a new manor house - the Schloss, today's Town Hall - was built as a representative office of the St Gall governor, which replaced the old one. The area of the manor house was relatively safe from being plundered by a salva guardia, and because of the war, labour was cheap. In the words of Ildefons von Arx the project is described like a modern economic recovery programme, while the people of Ebringen and Norsingen saw it more like an exploitation of distress and poverty.[11]

In September 1713 French troops besieged again Freiburg and plundered the area around, also Ebringen. Many valuables had been brought into the Ebringer Hof, the St Gall office in Freiburg, in presumed safety. Fortified by Vauban, Freiburg was thought to be safe from being occupied. But after a siege of three weeks Freiburg surrendered and was sacked, so the Ebringer Hof. In Ebringen houses - inter alia the Schoenberger Hof - were blazed down. Almost all metal was looted by the French mercenaries. So in the autumn of 1713 many people left the village and fled to the Sundgau. Most of them returned in 1714 after the Treaty of Rastatt.

Not only there was war. Also in Ebringen itself raised confrontation between the St Gall administration and the citizens. The construction of the manor house in a time of war made many people upset. Even more, Governor Lukas Graß ruled also in other aspects in an absolutist manner. So already in 1712 25 citizens of Ebringen sued the St Gall administration at the court for provincial estates of Anterior Austria in the rights of the local authorities against the people. Governor Lukas Graß was not willing to compromise and eventually won the case. In 1714 the citizens of Ebringen had to accept villeinage in a declaration of submission under St Gall rule. Governor Lukas Graß had also expanded the jurisdiction of the abbey, as the declaration states St Gall as jurisdiction in all matters between citizens and local authorities. As in the future a lawsuit like the one of 1712 would have to be held in St Gall, not at an Austrian court, the submission reduced the Austrian control over Ebringen drastically. The court for provincial estates in Anterior Austria confirmed the declaration of submission at January 24, 1715.[12]

About 1740 the cultivation of Chasselas, a white wine origined in western Switzerland, is noted for Ebringen's vineyards. This type of wine brought significantly higher quantitative yields than traditional varieties like Elbling. So Chasselas soon became the preferred cultivated variety in the vineyards.

In 1742 parish priest Benedikt Müller tried to introduce compulsory schooling.

In 1744 French troops, commanded by King Louis XV himself, captured Freiburg after a siege of six weeks in the War of the Austrian Succession. French cavalry occupied Ebringen during the siege. Unlike previous occupations there were no excesses against civilians and no rape is reported. So the people didn't leave the village. Despite the people were not harmed by the troops, this was not the case for their property. The vineyards were vandalized, as the troops used the wooden sticks in the vineyards for heating. Also two houses were destroyed by infantry before the cavalry reached the village. The troops quartered themselves in the houses of the village, the inhabitants had to move to the roof space of their houses. The Duke of Chartres stayed in the manor house. Unlike Freiburg, which suffered a famine during the siege, food supply in Ebringen was good all the time.[13]

In 1745 the municipality planned to sell its Biezighofen Forest in the Black Forest for 21,000 guilders to repay debts. The sale only failed because of disagreement on some secondary points.[14] About 250 years later, the municipality tried to do so for the same reasons, and again the sale failed. On July 11 of the same year Prince Abbot Cölestin Gugger von Staudach visited Ebringen.

In 1748 a chapel, the Berghauser Kapelle, was built in the area of the former village Berghausen. In the same year, the Hohbannstein was erected, a landmark with five neighbouring municipalities east of the Hohfirst the summit.

In 1770 Austrian princess Maria Antonia married the later French king Louis XVI. Her journey from Vienna to Paris led via Freiburg, where she stayed from May 4 to 6, 1770. For this, the road from Donaueschingen through the Black Forest to Freiburg has been significantly improved. This opened new markets for Ebringen's wine and led to higher income of Ebringen's winegrowers.[15]

In 1777 the Austrian government introduced compulsory schooling in Anterior Austria and its depending territories, so in Ebringen.[16]

In 1781 villeinage has been abolished in Anterior Austria. The St Gall authorities in Ebringen tried to ignore the decrees from Vienna as good as they could.

  1. Ildefons von Arx, Geschichte der Herrschaft Ebringen, p.61
  2. Ildefons von Arx, Geschichte der Herrschaft Ebringen, p.57
  3. Ildefons von Arx, Geschichte der Herrschaft Ebringen, p.58
  4. Ildefons von Arx, Geschichte der Herrschaft Ebringen, p.59
  5. Ildefons von Arx, Geschichten des Kantons St. Gallen. Bd 1-3, p.206
  6. August Naef, Chronik oder Denkwürdigkeiten der Stadt u. Landschaft St. Gallen, S. 248
  7. Ildefons von Arx, Geschichte der Herrschaft Ebringen, p.60
  8. Ildefons von Arx, Geschichte der Herrschaft Ebringen, p.62/63
  9. Ildefons von Arx, Geschichte der Herrschaft Ebringen, p.62
  10. Website of St. Gall Stiftsarchiv
  11. Schott/Weeger: Ebringen, Herrschaft und Gemeinde, Volume 1, p.134
  12. Schott/Weeger: Ebringen, Herrschaft und Gemeinde, Volume 1, p.135
  13. Ildefons von Arx, Geschichte der Herrschaft Ebringen, p.70
  14. Ildefons von Arx, Geschichte der Herrschaft Ebringen, p.71
  15. Ildefons von Arx, Geschichte der Herrschaft Ebringen, p.73
  16. Ildefons von Arx, Geschichte der Herrschaft Ebringen, p.72