Traditionell rätoromanischsprachiges Sprachgebiet
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Als traditionell rätoromanischsproochigs Sproochbiet (TR) bezeichnet mer die Ortschafte vo Graubünde, wo in de Periode vum 16. bis zum 19. Joorhundert vo de Mehrheit Rätoromanisch gschwätzt worde isch. In dere Periode isch d Sproochgränz zwüschem Dütsche un em Romanisch nämli relativ stabil blibe[1]. Die Bezeichnig goot uff de Statistiker Jean-Jacques Furer zrugg, wo sich mit de Ergebniss vo de Volchszäälig vo 2000 ussenandergsetzt het. Bi de Definition vum Furer ghöre alli Ortschafte zum TR, wo bi eine vo de vier erschte Volchszäälige zwüsche 1860 un 1888, e romanischi Mehrheit gha hen. Usserdäm zäält er Fürstenau dezue. In de Gmeie Samnaun un Sils im Domleschg, wo im 17. Joorhundert no zum TR ghört hen, het d Germanisierig scho friener yygsetzt, un 1860 het's dört numme no e chlyni romanischi Minderheit gee, so dass de Furer die Gmeinde nümmi zum TR zäält.
Die Date wo folge, stamme uss Eidgenössische Volkszählung 2000 - Die aktuelle Lage des Romanischen vum Jean-Jacques Furer.
| Idiom | Gmeindename (amtliche Name, räto. Name in Chlammre wenn verschide) |
Yywohner 1880 (Ortsanwesend) |
Yywohner 2000 (wirtschaftlichs Domizil) |
1880 (Muettersprooch) |
1941 (Muettersprooch) |
1990 (beschtbherschti Sprooch) |
2000 (beschtbherschti Sprooch) |
2000 (überhaupt aagee)[2] |
Amtssprooch [3] | Schueltyp[4] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vallader | Fuldera | 117 | 115 | 79,5% | 89,4% | 82,9% | 74,8% | 92,2% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Lü | 72 | 62 | 73,6% | 96,4% | 90,9% | 82,3% | 87,1% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Müstair | 529 | 745 | 86,8% | 88,6% | 76,9% | 72,9% | 85,6% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Santa Maria Val Müstair | 391 | 327 | 80,8% | 73,7% | 70,2% | 69,7% | 81,7% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Tschierv | 154 | 154 | 81,8% | 91,9% | 85,0% | 77,3% | 91,6% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Valchava | 186 | 202 | 68,8% | 74,8% | 81,9% | 80,7% | 89,6% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Ardez | 663 | 401 | 94,6% | 84,5% | 73,3% | 73,8% | 88,8% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Ftan | 523 | 516 | 89,3% | 85,9% | 58,1% | 57,8% | 75,6% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Guarda GR | 266 | 144 | 95,5% | 91,1% | 72,1% | 62,5% | 78,5% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Lavin | 271 | 174 | 83,4% | 83,1% | 78,8% | 75,9% | 85,6% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Ramosch | 517 | 440 | 85,1% | 92,2% | 82,1% | 84,1% | 92,2% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Scuol | 913 | 2122 | 81,7% | 71,1% | 57,5% | 49,4% | 70,3% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Sent GR | 1105 | 865 | 88,4% | 91,0% | 73,6% | 68,3% | 84,5% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Susch | 402 | 199 | 73,9% | 81,5% | 78,3% | 65,3% | 85,4% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Tarasp | 346 | 328 | 92,2% | 79,4% | 42,3% | 38,4% | 46,6% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Tschlin | 660 | 392 | 87,1% | 83,7% | 60,8% | 71,4% | 84,7% | R | R-DR |
| Vallader | Zernez | 540 | 959 | 84,3% | 78,7% | 65,7% | 61,1% | 80,2% | R | R-DR |
| Putér | Bever GR | 148 | 631 | 81,1% | 50,4% | 24,2% | 18,9% | 45,3% | D | R-DR |
| Putér | Celerina/Schlarigna (Schlarigna) | 329 | 1353 | 76,9% | 50,4% | 20,3% | 12,8% | 34,9% | D | R-DR |
| Putér | Madulain | 68 | 180 | 69,1% | 50,7% | 27,5% | 22,2% | 42,8% | D | R-DR |
| Putér | Pontresina (Puntraschigna) | 383 | 2191 | 45,7% | 26,7% | 12,1% | 7,9% | 25,3% | D | RD |
| Putér | La Punt-Chamues-ch | 229 | 660 | 71,6% | 68,5% | 25,5% | 20,6% | 47,6% | RD | R-DR |
| Putér | Samedan | 757 | 3069 | 46,8% | 42,1% | 22,6% | 16,7% | 42,2% | D | RD |
| Putér | St. Moritz (San Murezzan) | 402 | 5589 | 50,2% | 20,3% | 6,2% | 4,7% | 12,8% | D | DR |
| Putér | S-chanf | 418 | 620 | 86,4% | 81,2% | 66,7% | 51,8% | 67,9% | R | R-DR |
| Putér | Sils im Engadin/Segl (Segl) | 214 | 751 | 68,2% | 61,5% | 24,5% | 12,0% | 33,0% | D | R-DR |
| Putér | Silvaplana (Silvaplauna) | 266 | 913 | 73,3% | 54,9% | 19,6% | 10,6% | 34,1% | RD | R-DR |
| Putér | Zuoz | 420 | 1353 | 85,2% | 56,0% | 33,9% | 25,8% | 46,5% | R(D) | R-DR |
| Surmiran (Putér als Schriftsprooch) |
Bergün/Bravuogn (Bravuogn) | 628 | 520 | 80,4% | 53,6% | 21,0% | 10,6% | 26,7% | D | DR |
| Surmiran (Putér als Schriftsprooch) |
Filisur | 299 | 466 | 36,5% | 10,7% | 3,4% | 3,0% | 7,3% | D | D |
| Surmiran | Alvaneu (Alvagni) | 311 | 403 | 80,1% | 56,0% | 28,7% | 16,9% | 31,0% | D | DR |
| Surmiran | Alvaschein (Alvaschagn) | 141 | 154 | 95,0% | 77,0% | 46,2% | 40,3% | 61,0% | RD | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Brienz/Brinzauls (Brinzauls) | 146[5] | 117 | 98,6% | 83,3% | 58,0% | 31,6% | 52,1% | D | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Lantsch/Lenz (Lantsch) | 334 | 485 | 96,1% | 86,6% | 43,5% | 36,7% | 51,3% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Mon | 128 | 86 | 100,0% | 95,8% | 71,6% | 52,3% | 67,4% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Stierva | 194 | 128 | 98,5% | 89,5% | 75,0% | 66,4% | 80,5% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Surava | 137[6] | 250 | 82,5% | 59,5% | 21,4% | 10,8% | 30,4% | D | DR |
| Surmiran | Tiefencastel (Casti) | 217 | 230 | 88,9% | 60,7% | 42,7% | 37,8% | 58,3% | RD | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Vaz/Obervaz (Vaz) | 785 | 2691 | 92,0% | 55,8% | 15,9% | 9,0% | 18,9% | (R)D | DR |
| Surmiran | Bivio (Beiva) | 163 | 204 | 67,5% | 43,0% | 9,0% | 12,3% | 33,8% | I | I-DI |
| Surmiran | Cunter | 162 | 198 | 86,4% | 89,4% | 54,3% | 51,0% | 64,1% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Marmorera (Murmarera) | 151 | 49 | 98,7% | 94,7% | 47,4% | 34,7% | 53,1% | RD | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Mulegns | 121 | 33 | 93,4% | 79,8% | 73,0% | 57,6% | 66,7% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Riom-Parsonz | 404 | 327 | 99,0% | 94,4% | 78,8% | 63,9% | 79,2% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Salouf | 316 | 205 | 99,1% | 84,4% | 82,2% | 77,6% | 86,3% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Savognin (Savognin / Suagnign) | 503 | 882 | 96,2% | 81,1% | 62,3% | 53,1% | 70,1% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Sur (Sour) | 151 | 93 | 99,3% | 97,4% | 75,9% | 75,3% | 84,9% | R | R-DR |
| Surmiran | Tinizong-Rona | 579 | 369 | 94,0% | 91,8% | 67,0% | 50,1% | 68,3% | R | R-DR |
| Sutsilvan | Andeer | 603 | 669 | 65,5% | 50,3% | 14,7% | 9,1% | 22,1% | (R)D | DR |
| Sutsilvan | Ausserferrera (Farera) | 126 | 47 | 98,4% | 58,8% | 35,4% | 2,1% | 23,4% | D | DR |
| Sutsilvan | Casti-Wergenstein (Casti-Vargistagn) | 73 | 56 | 98,6% | 74,2% | 67,4% | 55,4% | 71,4% | RD | R-DR |
| Sutsilvan | Clugin (Clugen) | 47 | 33 | 100,0% | 61,3% | 15,2% | 3,0% | 15,2% | D | DR |
| Sutsilvan | Donath (Donat) | 157 | 133 | 99,4% | 89,4% | 72,6% | 56,4% | 75,9% | RD | R-DR |
| Sutsilvan | Innerferrera (Calantgil) | 54 | 49 | 100,0% | 46,3% | 7,8% | 4,1% | 6,1% | D | DR |
| Sutsilvan | Lohn GR (Lon) | 81 | 50 | 96,3% | 90,1% | 62,5% | 52,0% | 76,0% | RD | R-DR |
| Sutsilvan | Mathon GR (Maton) | 98 | 52 | 94,9% | 88,4% | 79,6% | 53,8% | 82,7% | D | R-DR |
| Sutsilvan | Patzen-Fardün (Pazen-Farden) | 81 | 64 | 97,5% | 98,4% | 63,0% | 48,4% | 75,0% | RD | R-DR |
| Sutsilvan | Pignia | 112 | 111 | 96,4% | 90,1% | 34,0% | 19,8% | 29,7% | D | DR |
| Sutsilvan | Zillis-Reischen (Ziràn-Reschen) | 337 | 330 | 92,9% | 55,6% | 23,1% | 12,7% | 30,3% | D | DR |
| Sutsilvan | Cazis (Tgazas) | 790 | 1575 | 49,0% | 18,0% | 6,4% | 4,7% | 8,6% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Flerden (Flearda) | 122 | 160 | 63,9% | 12,6% | 0,6% | 3,8% | 7,5% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Portein (Purtagn) | 47 | 26 | 0,0% | 18,9% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Präz (Preaz) | 248 | 178 | 89,9% | 58,7% | 6,9% | 2,8% | 7,9% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Sarn | 184 | 159 | 62,5% | 32,5% | 2,7% | 0,0% | 2,5% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Tartar | 187 | 158 | 5,3% | 11,0% | 2,5% | 0,6% | 9,5% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Almens (Almen) | 256 | 217 | 77,0% | 18,7% | 5,0% | 2,8% | 5,5% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Feldis/Veulden (Veulden) | 173 | 129 | 94,8% | 72,7% | 25,4% | 14,0% | 29,5% | D | D[7] |
| Sutsilvan | Fürstenau GR (Farschno) | 288 | 311 | 20,1% | 11,5% | 5,5% | 3,2% | 9,3% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Paspels (Pasqual) | 302 | 409 | 89,1% | 56,6% | 8,7% | 3,7% | 10,0% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Pratval | 65 | 240 | 64,6% | 16,7% | 1,7% | 4,2% | 7,9% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Rodels (Roten) | 142 | 281 | 62,2% | 28,6% | 4,5% | 3,9% | 9,3% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Rothenbrunnen (Givòlta) | 82 | 422 | 70,7% | 18,0% | 9,7% | 7,6% | 14,2% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Scharans (Scharàns) | 502 | 817 | 70,3% | 30,7% | 3,1% | 2,1% | 5,0% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Scheid (Sched) | 220 | 139 | 97,7% | 92,4% | 36,5% | 19,4% | 31,7% | D | D[8] |
| Sutsilvan | Trans (Tràn) | 89 | 69 | 70,8% | 75,0% | 16,9% | 8,7% | 11,6% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan | Tumegl/Tomils (Tumegl) | 275 | 321 | 87,3% | 58,6% | 6,5% | 4,0% | 13,1% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan (Sursilvan als Schriftsprooch) |
Bonaduz (Panaduz) | 624 | 2433 | 75,6% | 15,3% | 6,0% | 5,4% | 11,8% | D | D |
| Sutsilvan (Sursilvan als Schriftsprooch) |
Domat/Ems (Domat) | 1445 | 6372 | 89,5% | 76,1% | 15,8% | 11,0% | 23,5% | D | DR |
| Sutsilvan (Sursilvan als Schriftsprooch) |
Rhäzüns (Razén) | 560 | 1201 | 95,9% | 76,4% | 17,1% | 10,1% | 25,2% | D | DR |
| Sutsilvan (Sursilvan als Schriftsprooch) |
Trin | 890 | 1108 | 95,6% | 75,4% | 29,3% | 19,8% | 41,3% | RD | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Flims (Flem) | 851 | 2549 | 87,2% | 54,8% | 8,9% | 6,7% | 18,0% | D | DR |
| Sursilvan | Andiast | 242 | 232 | 99,2% | 97,7% | 88,9% | 85,8% | 93,5% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Castrisch | 434 | 412 | 92,4% | 80,0% | 54,0% | 48,5% | 70,9% | RD | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Falera | 338 | 504 | 99,1% | 97,3% | 80,9% | 67,5% | 78,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Flond | 195 | 179 | 96,4% | 90,5% | 54,2% | 50,8% | 72,1% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Ilanz (Glion) | 872 | 2488 | 60,8% | 50,2% | 36,6% | 29,9% | 51,4% | D | DR |
| Sursilvan | Laax (Lags) | 293 | 1150 | 93,9% | 90,8% | 47,8% | 40,1% | 56,1% | RD | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Ladir | 88 | 107 | 97,7% | 94,0% | 67,8% | 57,0% | 75,7% | RD | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Luven | 271 | 183 | 98,2% | 97,3% | 73,2% | 59,6% | 79,8% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Pigniu | 81 | 45 | 98,8% | 100,0% | 64,4% | 91,1% | 100,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Rueun | 399 | 460 | 98,7% | 97,9% | 66,2% | 72,0% | 82,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Ruschein | 251 | 356 | 96,4% | 94,8% | 81,0% | 69,4% | 83,7% | RD | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Sagogn | 480 | 597 | 95,8% | 92,7% | 59,2% | 57,1% | 77,7% | RD | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Schluein | 397 | 602 | 81,9% | 84,6% | 60,8% | 53,2% | 66,1% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Schnaus | 130 | 99 | 70,0% | 68,3% | 50,6% | 45,5% | 65,7% | RD | DR |
| Sursilvan | Sevgein | 163 | 207 | 97,5% | 86,8% | 62,4% | 54,6% | 73,9% | RD | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Siat | 231 | 189 | 98,7% | 97,9% | 76,5% | 82,5% | 89,4% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Surcuolm | 91 | 130 | 97,8% | 92,0% | 67,7% | 44,6% | 63,8% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Vrin | 384 | 249 | 99,5% | 95,5% | 96,4% | 95,6% | 98,8% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Waltensburg/Vuorz (Vuorz) | 413 | 383 | 95,4% | 87,9% | 67,0% | 63,4% | 78,1% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Camuns | 82 | 60 | 100,0% | 90,6% | 88,9% | 78,3% | 88,3% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Cumbel | 303 | 288 | 99,7% | 94,0% | 84,8% | 85,1% | 92,7% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Duvin (Duin) | 117 | 80 | 99,1% | 94,2% | 52,5% | 48,8% | 75,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Degen | 251 | 247 | 100,0% | 94,7% | 83,8% | 73,7% | 87,9% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Lumbrein | 530 | 399 | 100,0% | 98,9% | 95,5% | 89,5% | 93,7% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Morissen (Murissen) | 187 | 211 | 98,9% | 96,6% | 95,2% | 91,5% | 95,3% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Pitasch | 138 | 118 | 94,2% | 86,4% | 74,5% | 60,2% | 89,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Riein | 190 | 71 | 96,3% | 93,7% | 61,8% | 63,4% | 76,1% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Surcasti | 160 | 75 | 100,0% | 94,7% | 91,8% | 86,7% | 90,7% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Tersnaus | 78 | 70 | 93,6% | 97,2% | 62,5% | 74,3% | 90,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Uors-Peiden | 226 | 90 | 92,9% | 93,4% | 74,1% | 66,7% | 77,8% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Vignogn | 164 | 179 | 100,0% | 100,0% | 91,6% | 88,8% | 93,9% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Vella | 285 | 441 | 100,0% | 98,0% | 86,9% | 83,9% | 92,3% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Breil/Brigels (Breil) | 880 | 1187 | 98,6% | 95,7% | 82,5% | 80,5% | 88,6% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Disentis/Mustér (Mustér) | 1304 | 2172 | 97,2% | 84,6% | 78,4% | 75,3% | 86,3% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Medel (Lucmagn) (Medel) | 561 | 470 | 98,8% | 98,9% | 90,6% | 92,8% | 96,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Schlans | 179 | 92 | 98,3% | 98,5% | 81,2% | 81,5% | 92,4% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Sumvitg | 1235 | 1313 | 98,7% | 98,1% | 89,2% | 88,0% | 94,0% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Tujetsch | 784 | 1525 | 99,5% | 95,6% | 89,2% | 66,2% | 75,3% | R | R-DR |
| Sursilvan | Trun GR | 956 | 1322 | 98,3% | 94,3% | 80,6% | 79,0% | 87,8% | R | R-DR |
[ändere] Fuessnote
- ↑ Furer (2005). pp. 23
- ↑ Als Haupt-, Familie-, Beruefs-, oder Schuelsprooch.
- ↑ R = Rätoromanisch, D = Dütsch, I = Italienisch.
- ↑ R-DR = Ersti 3 Schueljoor Rätoromanisch, deno all mee Dütsch. D = Dütsch. DR = Dütsch, Rätoromanisch als Schuelfach für min. 3 Joor. RD = Zweisproochig. I-DI = Ersti 3 Schueljoor Italienisch, deno all mee Dütsch.
- ↑ 1888
- ↑ 1888
- ↑ Bis 2000 Schueltyp DR.
- ↑ Bis 2000 Schueltyp DR.
[ändere] Literatur
- Furer, Jean-Jacques; Bundesamt für Statistik (Hrsg.): Eidgenössische Volkszählung 2000 - Die aktuelle Lage des Romanischen. Neuchâtel 2005, ISBN 3-303-01202-4, S. 146.
